(2005.8月號－139期)_為企業導入開放原始碼解決方案_建構企業專案-使用Maven(2)
自動建立IDE開發環境設定
在「序言」中我們提到，我們很難將IDE開發環境的配置複製一份供其他開發人員使用，又或著說，在同一個開發團隊中的每位開發人員都有自己徧好的IDE，甲用Eclipse、乙用IntelliJ IDEA、丙用JBuilder…等，在這種情況下的環境配置就更難於統一了，若將IDE的配置也加入版本控制中，每位開發人員都有權限對環境做修改，這將造成更大的災難。
Maven解決了這個問題，還記得上述過程中建立的goal.txt檔嗎？開啟該檔並搜尋我們常見的IDE名稱。
列表07
[eclipse] Generate Eclipse project files
：
[idea] Generate IDEA project files
：
[jbuilder] Generate JBuilder project files
：
[jdeveloper] Generate JDeveloper project files
：
也就是說，我們可以使用Maven協助我們產生各種IDE開發環境的project files。試著執行 maven eclipse 或著 maven idea 等等，產生不同IDE的設定。
圖04-Eclipse開發環境
圖05-IntelliJ IDEA開發環境
進行後續的整合
現在我們對照之前使用ANT的資料結構，並依下圖將相關檔案複製到定位。
圖06
接著將所需的jar檔設定於maven的project.xml內，而至於有那些jar檔需要被引用，參考表「設定01」Ant build.xml檔「017-044」「094-138」行，完整的 project.xml 如下。
設定08-project.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project>
<pomVersion>3</pomVersion>
<groupId>jpetstore_maven</groupId>
<id>jpetstore_maven</id>
<name>JPetStore Application</name>
<currentVersion>1.0</currentVersion>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<id>servletapi</id>
<version>2.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>aopalliance</groupId>
<artifactId>aopalliance</artifactId>
<version>1.0</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>axis</groupId>
<artifactId>axis</artifactId>
<version>1.2-RC3</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>axis</groupId>
<artifactId>axis-jaxrpc</artifactId>
<version>1.2-RC3</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>axis</groupId>
<artifactId>axis-saaj</artifactId>
<version>1.2-RC3</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>axis</groupId>
<artifactId>axis-wsdl4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2-RC3</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>burlap</groupId>
<artifactId>burlap</artifactId>
<version>2.1.7</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>hessian</groupId>
<artifactId>hessian</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>hsqldb</groupId>
<artifactId>hsqldb</artifactId>
<version>1.7.2.2</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ibatis</groupId>
<artifactId>ibatis-common</artifactId>
<version>2.0.8</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ibatis</groupId>
<artifactId>ibatis-sqlmap</artifactId>
<version>2.0.8</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.0.6</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>ibatis</groupId>
<artifactId>ibatis-sqlmap</artifactId>
<version>2.0.8</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
<version>1.7.0</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.1</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.2.1</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-digester</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-digester</artifactId>
<version>1.5</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-discovery</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-discovery</artifactId>
<version>0.2</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.0.4</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-pool</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-validator</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-validator</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.0.6</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>struts</groupId>
<artifactId>struts</artifactId>
<version>1.2.4</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring</artifactId>
<version>1.1.5</version>
<properties>
<war.bundle>true</war.bundle>
</properties>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<nagEmailAddress>turbine-maven-dev@jakarta.apache.org</nagEmailAddress>
<sourceDirectory>src/java</sourceDirectory>
<unitTestSourceDirectory>src/test</unitTestSourceDirectory>
<unitTest>
<includes>
<include>**/*Test.java</include>
</includes>
<excludes>
<exclude>**/NaughtyTest.java</exclude>
</excludes>
</unitTest>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/conf</directory>
<includes>
<include>*.properties</include>
</includes>
</resource>
</resources>
</build>
</project>
並在maven.xml加入以下的設定
設定09-maven.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns:j="jelly:core" xmlns:ant="jelly:ant" default="war">
<postGoal name="java:compile">
<copy todir="${maven.build.dest}">
<fileset dir="${pom.build.sourceDirectory}">
<include name="**/*.xml"/>
</fileset>
</copy>
</postGoal>
</project>
完成以上設定後於命令下執行maven重新建立war檔。
__ __
| / |__ _Apache__ ___
| |/| / _` V / -_) ' ~ intelligent projects ~
|_| |___,_|_/___|_||_| v. 1.0.2
build:start:
war:init:
war:war-resources:
[mkdir] Created dir: D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdoclet
[mkdir] Created dir: D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INF
[copy] Copying 143 files to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdoclet
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INF
java:prepare-filesystem:
[mkdir] Created dir: D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetclasses
java:compile:
[echo] Compiling to D:JProjectjpetstore_maven/target/classes
[echo]
==========================================================
NOTE: Targetting JVM 1.4, classes
will not run on earlier JVMs
==========================================================
[javac] Compiling 73 source files to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetclasses
Note: D:JProjectjpetstore_mavensrcjavaorgspringframeworksamplesjpetstorewebstrutsBaseActionForm.java uses or overrides a deprecated API.
Note: Recompile with -deprecation for details.
[copy] Copying 7 files to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetclasses
java:jar-resources:
test:prepare-filesystem:
[mkdir] Created dir: D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargettest-classes
[mkdir] Created dir: D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargettest-reports
test:test-resources:
test:compile:
test:test:
war:webapp:
[echo] Assembling webapp jpetstore_maven
[mkdir] Created dir: D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[mkdir] Created dir: D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFtld
[mkdir] Created dir: D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFclasses
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 1 file to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFlib
[copy] Copying 81 files to D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetxdocletwebdocletWEB-INFclasses
war:war:
[echo] Building WAR jpetstore_maven
[jar] Building jar: D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetjpetstore_maven.war
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 11 seconds
Finished at: Sun May 15 15:18:10 CST 2005
目前為止我們已經成功建立完成一個可佈署的jpetstore_maven.war檔，接著將War檔複製進%TOMCAT_HOME%/wabapps，接著同之前的動作，啟動HSQLDB，再啟動Tomcat。
使用瀏覽器鍵入以下網址，http://localhost:8080/jpetstore_maven/
我們已經成功的將建置環境由ANT移轉至Maven了！
圖07-由Maven建置的JPetStore
Maven的自我文件化能力
到目前為止，筆者並未帶出Maven太多細節的觀念，純粹以實作與比較的方式讓讀者了解，Maven的能耐。
而就筆者所知，許多OpenSource的專案由以往使用Ant建置漸漸轉向使用Maven，而新的Project更是直接採用Maven作為專案管理工具。
本次的實作讀者們可清楚的了解以下幾點：
-
Maven使用POM管理專案優於Ant建置人員必須自行建置專案邏輯。
-
Maven設置dependencies tag使函式庫的相依性受到了管理優於Ant必須自行管理相依性與版本
-
Maven將所有需要的函式庫置於local端repository內，優於Ant必須將函式庫一起封裝。
-
Maven可產生大多數IDE開發環境設定。
-
Ant可做到的事，Maven皆可做到，並能做到更多。
在本篇文章的最後，我們來展示Maven的自我文件化能力。
我們在命令列鍵入maven site
D:JProjectjpetstore_maven>maven site
__ __
| / |__ _Apache__ ___
| |/| / _` V / -_) ' ~ intelligent projects ~
|_| |___,_|_/___|_||_| v. 1.0.2
build:start:
site:
：
：
中間省略
：
：
Validating downloads.html
[echo] Generating D:/JProject/jpetstore_maven/target/docs/linkcheck.html from D:JProjectjpetstore_maventargetlinkcheckdocslinkcheck.xml
BUILD SUCCESSFUL
Total time: 49 seconds
Finished at: Sat May 21 18:27:46 CST 2005
當建置完成後，開啟jpetstore_maven/target/docs/index.html
讀者們看完下圖後，應該可以了解，為什麼稱Maven為專案管理工具，而不是像Ant稱為專案建置工具吧！
圖08-專案首頁
圖09-專案管理資訊
圖10-專案建置報表
圖11-API
圖12-原始碼
圖13-單元測試報表
相關資源
1.Jakarta Ant官方網站：http://ant.apache.org/
2. Jakarta Maven官方網站：http://maven.apache.org/
3.Ant實作手冊(Java Development with Ant)-博碩出版
4.專案管理: Maven 讓事情變得簡單：http://www-128.ibm.com/developerworks/cn/java/j-maven/
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